Reported Speech and Passive Voice in Units 3 and 4
Different Passive Forms:
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/59335574
Online exercise about Passive Voice forms with Key Word Transformation:
https://www.topworksheets.com/custom/5ccad889-83b3-4a10-865c-6eb5b47438ab
https://wordwall.net/resource/53660513
Video about what the International Women's Day is
Grammar review exercises
Topic 1.-
Verb-tense review
https://wordwall.net/resource/53704665
Time expressions for the verb tenses
https://wordwall.net/resource/53703575
Topic 2.- Participle clauses
https://wordwall.net/resource/2285399
Collaborative Opening Online Exercise
https://wordwall.net/resource/62404036
Language Registers: Formal, Informal and Neutral English
·FORMAL
Formal language, even when spoken, is often associated with the conventions expected of written standard English.
Formal English follow rules of grammar very strictly. Sentences tend to be
longer and more complex. The vocabulary tends to be elevated, using big words
and avoiding colloquial or slang vocabulary. It avoids split infinitives and
prepositions at the end of sentences.
Rules of the formal language register:
1. Do not use contractions
2. Spell out numbers less than one hundred
3. Write in third person point of view.
4. Avoid using too much active voice.
5. Avoid using slang, idioms, exaggeration (hyperboles) and
clichés
6. Avoid abbreviations and acronyms
7. Do not start sentences with words like and, so, but,
also
8. Always write in complete sentences.
9. Write longer, more complex sentences.
· INFORMAL
Informal language is characterized by a simpler grammatical structure (i.e. loosely-connected sentences and phrases), and personal evaluation. Informal language may make use of slang and colloquialisms, employing the conventions of spoken language. However, it is too casual and loose to be acceptable for academic writing.
With informal
writing, you can include things such as:
· NEUTRAL
We use
the neutral language register with non-emotional topics and information.
Neutral
writing is not necessarily formal or informal. It is not usually positive or
negative. A neutral register is used to deliver facts.
Some
writings are written in a neutral register. This means they are not
specifically formal or informal.
Rules of Neutral Writing:
Chart about the Structure for a Letter or Email
For example, 'My life purpose is to visit as many countries as possible.'
Lecture video called How to know your life purpose in five minutes
Purpose with to, in
order to and so as to
Use to , so
as to, and in order to to express purpose in
the affirmative form.
Examples:
§ He is looking for a part time job to save
some pocket money.
§ She wakes up early in order to
be on time to work.
§ They visited him so as to
offer their condolences for the death of his wife.
Use so as
not to and in order not to to express
purpose in the negative form.
Examples:
§ They woke up early in order not to be
late.
§ She exercises regularly so as not
to get fat.
§ He helped the new policewoman so as
not to fail in her first mission.
Purpose with so
that
You can also express
purpose with so that. In this case you generally need to use
a modal.
Examples:
§ He turned down the music so that he
wouldn't disturb the neighbors.
§ He got a visa so that he
can travel to the USA.
§ He decided to stay in England for a
while so that he could practice his English.
Purpose with for
Purpose can be also
expressed by using for. For may be
followed by either a noun or a verb + ing.
Examples:
§ I stopped there for a
chat.
§ This mop is for cleaning
the floor.
Sources:
https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-purpose.php
Collaborative online game about purpose links on wordwall
Collaborative exercise 1 on page 46
Online exercise about Purpose links
https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-85663.php
.jpg)
What British sports do you know?
Window on British sports
Top 10 odd British sports
How to write a proposal
It offers comprehensive information about the project an organization wants to implement. It outlines the process and resources required to complete the project successfully. It also includes the objectives and goals of the project.
I typical proposal looks like a report.
When writing a proposal, there are two things you need to ask yourself before you even start to
make a plan:
As proposals are written to local or school authorities, tutors or teachers, formal English is required so contractions, colloquial expressions, slang or phrasal verbs that convey informality are not allowed.
In this part we are going to look at the example from the
beginning of this post again and I’m going to walk you through writing a proposal
step by step so you know exactly how this whole thing works. Of course, the
topic changes from task to task, but if you understand the essence, you will be
able to apply this knowledge to every future task.
A proposal is a rather factual and informative piece of writing so
it is not your job to make it sound happy or sensational (as you would in a
review or possibly an informal email). Therefore, your introduction should get straight to the
point. Say what the proposal’s purpose is and what you are going to include. It
is also important to note that you should never just copy the words from the
task, but paraphrase them and use your own words instead.
Some useful
language for an introduction includes (but is not limited
to) the following phrases:
2.- Topic paragraphs
In your topic paragraphs you deal with the three different main
points from the task. As mentioned above, you are not required to make this
sound sensational, but rather informational and factual.
At the same time, however, you’re trying to convince the local council to consider
your proposal so you need to use language to make suggestions and to be
persuasive.
The paragraphs should get headings so it becomes evident very easily what you are
talking about in each section.
Conclusion
Last but not least, we need
a nice and short conclusion to give a last recommendation. Make sure that you
try to convince the reader of your idea one more time.
Recommendations in the conclusion:
I would strongly recommend (+verb in -ing)...
It would be advantageous to...
It is recommended that...
In conclusion, I strongly feel that... is/would be the best to...
It would be a good idea to...
Source: https://technicalwriterhq.com/writing/proposal-writing/
https://www.rubenvalero.com/learningenglish/c1-advanced-cae/writing-cae-c1/cae-proposal/
http://cailearning.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Unit-5-Writing-A-Proposal.pdf
Talk about a case when you had to go to the doctor saying what symptoms you had, your disease or illness, your prescription and if it worked.
Conversation about considering a doctor's appointment
A: Morning!
B: Hi!
A: How have you been?
B: Good is good, and you?
A: I'm feeling a little under the weather.
B: Why?
A: Because I have had diarrhea for two weeks.
B: Golly gosh! If I feel sick, I go to the doctor.
A: But If I go to the doctor, I will spend a fortune.
B: It doesn't have to cost you an arm and leg if you go to Dr. Simi. If I were you, I would go there.
A: So, you think that if I had gone there, I wouldn't be ill.
B: Of course milord, I'm sure that if you had gone there, you would have got recovered.
A: Thanks for the advice.
B: Unfortunately as you know I didn't study medicine. However, if I were a doctor, I would have assisted you.
Zero Conditional: If I feel sick, I go to the doctor.
If + Present Simple, Present Simple -> Facts
First Conditional
If I go to the doctor, I will spend a fortune.
If + Present Simple, Future -> Possible Present or Future Situations
Second Conditional
If I were you, I would go there.
If + Past Simple, Past Simple Modal (would, could, should or might) + Verb in Bare Infinitive -> Imaginary Present or Future Situations
Third Conditional
If you had gone there, you would have got recovered.
If + Past Perfect, Perfect Modal (would/could/should/might + have + Verb in Past Participle) -> Past imaginary situations impossible to change
First Mixed Conditional
If I had gone there, I wouldn't be ill.
If + Past Perfect + Past Simple Modal (would, could, should or might) + Verb in Bare Infinitive ->
Present result of a past condition
Second Mixed Conditional
If I were a doctor, I would have assisted you.
If + Past Simple, Perfect Modal (would/could/should/might + have + Verb in Past Participle) -> Past result of a present condition
I would have assisted you if I were a doctor.
* The clauses in the conditional sentences are interchangeable.
Online game about conditional structures
Questions and answers with the conditionals
Zero Conditional
What do you do if it is raining?
If it’s raining, I watch series on Netflix
What do you do if...?
First Conditional
What will you do if you stay at school after the English class?
I will go to sleep if I stay at school after the English class?
What will you do if...?
Second Conditional
What would you do if you were under arrest?
I would have a good behaviour to be free if I were under arrest?
What would you do if...?
Third Conditional
What would you have done, if you had killed someone?
If I had killed someone, I would probably have been to jail.
What would you have done if you had...?
First Mixed Conditional
What would you do if you hadn’t done your homework yesterday?
If I hadn’t done my homework yesterday, I wouldn’t probably be worried.
What would you do if you had...?
Second Mixed Conditional
What would you have done if you were at the doctor’s yesterday?
If I were at the doctor’s yesterday, I would have told him how I was feeling.
What would you have done if you...?
B: Hi!
A: How have you been?
B: Good is good, and you?
A: I'm feeling a little under the weather.
B: Why?
A: Because I have had diarrhea for two weeks.
B: Golly gosh! When I feel sick, I go to the doctor.
A: But in case I go to the doctor, I will spend a fortune.
B: It doesn't have to cost you an arm and leg if you go to Dr. Simi. Supposing I were you, I would go there.
A: So, you think that unless I had gone there, I would be ill.
B: Of course milord, I'm sure that on the condition that you had gone there, you would have got recovered.
A: Thanks for the advice.
B: Unfortunately as you know I didn't study medicine. However, only if I were a doctor, I would have assisted you.
A: Morning!
B: Hi!
A: How have you been?
B: Good is good, and you?
A: I'm feeling a little under the weather.
B: Why?
A: Because I have had diarrhea for two weeks.
B: Golly gosh! Should I feel sick, I go to the doctor.
A: But Should I go to the doctor, I will spend a fortune.
B: It doesn't have to cost you an arm and leg if you go to Dr. Simi. Were I you, I would go there.
A: So, you think that had I gone there, I wouldn't be ill.
B: Of course milord, I'm sure that had you gone there, you would have got recovered.
A: Thanks for the advice.
B: Unfortunately as you know I didn't study medicine. However, were I a doctor, I would have assisted you.
Zero Conditional
If I feel sick, I go to the doctor.
Should I feel sick, I go to the doctor.
First Conditional
If I go to the doctor, I will spend a fortune.
Should I go to the doctor, I will spend a fortune.
Second Conditional
If I were you, I would go there.
Were I you, I would go there.
If I felt sick, I would go there.
Were I to feel sick, I would go there.
Third Conditional
If you had gone there, you would have got recovered.
Had you gone there, you would have got recovered.
First Mixed Conditional
If I had gone there, I wouldn't be ill.
Had I gone there, I wouldn't be ill.
Second Mixed Conditional
If I were a doctor, I would have assisted you.
Were I a doctor, I would have assisted you.
Inverted conditionals
Dear valued guest,
We would like to apologise for the issues during your stay here at the Royal Hotel.
Naturally, if we had known about the bed bug infestation, we would have never given you that room.
We are also sorry about the small fire that happened at the breakfast buffet. Thanks for the quick actions of guests such as yourself, it wasn’t worse.
If this were your hotel, you would be ashamed.
We would also like to apologise for the serious case of food poisoning you experienced after dining at our restaurant.
If you book with us again, we will provide you with a 3% discount off your stay.
Don’t forget to leave us a 5-star review on Tripadvisor! However, if I left a review, it would be 1 star.
Kind regards,
Hotel management
Letter with inverted conditionals
Dear valued guest,
We would like to apologise for the issues during your stay here at the Royal Hotel.
Naturally, had we known about the bed bug infestation, we would never have given you that room.
We are also sorry about the small fire that happened at the breakfast buffet.
Thanks for the quick actions of guests such as yourself, it wasn’t worse.
Were this your hotel, you would be ashamed.
We would also like to apologise for the serious case of food poisoning you experienced after dining at our restaurant.
Should you book with us again, we will provide you with a 3% discount off your stay.
Don’t forget to leave us a 5-star review on Tripadvisor! However, were I to leave a review, it would be 1 star.
Kind regards,
Hotel management
Inversion in conditionals
If we had known = Had we known
If this were = Were this
If I left = Were I to leave
If you book = Should you book
First Conditional
If you book with us again, we will provide you with a 3% discount off your stay.
Should you book with us again, we will provide you with a 3% discount off your stay.
Second Conditional
If this were your hotel, you would be ashamed. = Were this your hotel, you would be ashamed.
If I left a review, it would be 1 star. = Were I to leave, it would be 1 star.
Third Conditional
If we had known about the bed bug infestation, we never would have given you that room. = Had we known about the bed bug infestation, we would never have given you that room.
Collaborative activities 1 and 2 on page 41
Homework.- Activity 3 on page 41.
Individual online exercise 1 about everything related conditionals on https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/all-conditionals-mixed-conditionals-alternatives-if-inversion/
Speaking online game about conditionals
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/59209979
Introductory video about the full explanation of conditionals
Full explanation about conditionals
Inversion in conditionals
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/59236910/inversion-in-conditionals-2
Collaborative online exercise about the full explanation of conditionals
Individual online exercise about the full explanation of conditionals
