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Team discussion about five positive and Negative aspects about being employee and self-employed
Linking words of contrast
|
Linking
word |
Example |
Structure |
|
Although
|
She
walked home by herself, although she knew that it was dangerous. |
Full
clause, + although + full clause |
|
Although
she knew that it was dangerous, she walked home by herself. |
Although
+ full clause, full clause |
|
|
Contrary
to
|
Contrary
to others, he set out alone. |
Contrary
to + noun clause, full clause. |
|
Conversely |
Poor
health is accepted as an attribute of normal ageing.
Conversely, youth is depicted as a time of vitality and
good health. |
Sentence.
+ Conversely, + full clause.
|
|
The
staff of any organisation are its best ambassadors or conversely
may be its worst. |
Full
clause + or conversely + verb clause
|
|
|
Despite
/ In spite of
|
I
still enjoyed the week despite the weather. |
Full
clause + despite / in spite of + noun clause |
|
I
still enjoyed the week despite having a busy agenda. |
Full
clause + despite / in spite of + - ing verb clause |
|
|
Despite
repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have
stopped buying it. |
Despite
/ in spite of + noun clause / -ing verb clause, full clause.
|
|
|
Despite
the fact (that) / In spite of the fact (that) |
I
will go clubbing tonight despite the fact (that) I’m tired of work.
|
Full
clause + despite the fact (that) / In spite of the fact (that) + full clause |
|
Despite
the fact (that) I’m tired of work, I will go clubbing tonight. |
Despite
the fact (that) / In spite of the fact (that) + full clause, + full clause |
|
|
Even
though
|
Even
though he never completed college, he runs a successful software company. |
Even
though + full clause, + full clause.
|
|
However
|
This
is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others. |
Sentence
or full clause./,/;+ However, / however, + full clause |
|
This
is one possible solution to the problem, however, there are others. |
||
|
This
is one possible solution to the problem; however, there are others. |
||
|
However
hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off a
whole pizza. |
However
+ inverted full clause, full clause. |
|
|
In
contrast
|
We
didn’t have to wear masks two years ago. In contrast today, you’re not
allowed to leave without it. |
Sentence.
+ In contrast, + full clause
|
|
Nevertheless |
Their
team hadn’t lost a game the entire season. Nevertheless, we
beat them by a huge margin last night |
Sentence.
+ Nevertheless, + full clause
|
|
Though |
They're
coming next week, though I don't know which day. |
Full
clause, + though + full clause. |
|
|
Though
I do not usually drink coffee, I have had two cups today. |
Though
+ full clause, full clause.
|
|
|
We
went to high school together. I haven't seen her for years, though. |
Sentence.
+ Full clause, + though |
|
On
the other hand
|
He's
a good guy. His brother, on the other hand, is a very selfish man. |
Sentence.
+ Noun clause, + on the other hand, + verb clause |
|
He's
a good guy. On the other hand, his brother is a very selfish man. |
Sentence.
+ On the other hand, + full clause. |
|
|
On
the other hand followed by a comma can also be placed at the begining of a
paragraph when contrasting a previous one. |
||
|
Whereas
|
He
must be about 60, whereas his wife looks about 30. |
Full
clause + whereas + full clause |
|
While
/ whilst
|
I
read it while you were drying your hair. |
Full
clause + while /whilst + full clause |
|
|
While
I was in Italy, I went to see Alessandro. |
While
/ whilst + full clause, + full clause |
|
|
While
having your English class, you must pay attention. |
While
+ -ing verb clause, + full clause |
|
|
You
must pay attention while having your English class. |
Full
clause + while + -ing verb clause |
Sources:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/
Collaborative online game about the linking words of contrast on wordwall
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/52777593
Exercises 1 and 2 on page 14
Individual online exercise about the linking words of contrast
https://www.espressoenglish.net/linking-words-contrasting-ideas/
Video about perspectives on global poverty
C1 Advanced Writing Requirements
The C1 Advanced Writing exam has two writing parts, which you must
complete in 90 minutes. Both parts have a word limit of between 220-260 words.
We recommend getting lots of writing practice under these conditions!
Part 1 is always a discursive essay. It requires you
to think about arguments for and against a topic.
Part 2 is a situationally based writing task. This could be a
letter, an email, a report, a proposal or a
review and you have three options to choose from.
How to write a C1 essay
Before you begin
When you turn over the paper and begin Writing Part 1, take some
time to read the task instructions. Identify all parts of the question, underlining
which parts are obligatory and noting which parts are optional.
Let’s take a look at an example question!
Remember, you don’t have to use the opinions expressed in the box, but they may help you to get the ball rolling. Also, you only have to talk about two of the options given, not all three.
Make a plan
Take ten minutes to lay out your
ideas. Make a pros and cons list for each of the three options and then decide
which two you feel most confident with. Here’s some things you
might come up with, can you think of any more?
Structure your essay
The essence of a good essay is a clear structure.
Introduction
Here you want to introduce the topic in your own words. Your first
line should also grab the reader’s attention, then you should paraphrase the
question. Finally, try using a statistic or a rhetorical question. This will
make them want to read on, right?
Paragraph 1
Discuss the first option you’ve chosen. Include a good topic
sentence and remember to give reasons for your answer. Describe some of the
advantages, and even some of the disadvantages too. This will give a
well-balanced argument.
Paragraph 2
Here’s where you introduce the second option. Again, try to
present both sides of the argument and give reasons for your ideas. Gradually
work towards the conclusion.
Conclusion
State your final opinion. This should be a summary of the rest of the essay and point clearly to which option you think is the most important. Do not introduce any new arguments at this stage. The conclusion is where you tie-up any loose ends.
Useful expressions
To make your essay flow it’s
best to use some key phrases. These will link all your ideas together, and help
it sound semi-formal. Take a look at the expressions below. Why not use some in
your next essay?
Introduction:
It is often said that…
It is normally thought that...
It is commonly believed that..
Many people feel that…
We live in an age when..
More and more…
Introducing &
Addition:
Firstly, secondly, thirdly…
In addition…
What is more…
Examples:
For example…
For instance…
As a case in point…
Contrasting:
In contrast…
On the one hand… On the other hand…
Alternatively…
However…
Conclusion:
All things considered…
As far as I am concerned…
In light of the above…
In conclusion…
Some final tips
Avoid contractions (I’m, they’re, we’re) as this is a formal
writing.
Use academic words or formal language
Use the impersonal style when it is possible.
Practise under timed conditions.
Use model answers to practise fixed expressions.
https://oxfordhousebcn.com/en/how-to-write-a-c1-advanced-essay/
CAE essay examples
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