What is a Suffix?
You find suffixes at the end of the root word, A suffix
forms from a letter or group of letters. When you apply a suffix to the root
word a new word emerges.
1. Suffixes that form nouns
Suffix |
Meaning |
Example (base → noun) |
Base Word Type |
-tion / -sion |
Action or process |
create → creation, decide → decision |
Verb |
-ment |
Result or process |
develop → development |
Verb |
-ance / -ence |
State, quality |
perform → performance, exist → existence |
Verb |
-er / -or |
Person or thing doing an action |
teach → teacher, act → actor, garden= gardener |
Verb / Noun |
-ness |
State or quality |
happy → happiness |
Adjective |
-ity / -ty |
State or quality |
equal → equality, certain → certainty |
Adjective |
-ist |
Person with a job or belief |
art → artist |
Noun / Verb |
-ian |
Relating to a person or area |
music → musician |
Noun |
-ship |
State, condition, or skill |
friend → friendship |
Noun |
-hood |
State or condition |
child → childhood |
Noun |
|
2. Suffixes that form adjectives
Suffix |
Meaning |
Example (base → adjective) |
Base Word Type |
-able / -ible |
Capable of being |
read → readable, access → accessible |
Verb |
-al |
Related to |
nature → natural |
Noun |
-ic |
Related to |
poet → poetic |
Noun |
-ive |
Having a tendency or quality |
create → creative |
Verb |
-ous / -eous / -ious |
Full of, having qualities of |
danger → dangerous |
Noun |
-less |
Without |
hope → hopeless |
Noun |
-ful |
Full of |
beauty → beautiful |
Noun |
-y |
Characterized by |
fun → funny |
Noun |
-ish |
Having qualities of |
child → childish |
Noun |
3. Suffixes that form verbs
Suffix |
Meaning |
Example (base → verb) |
Base Word Type |
-ize / -ise |
To make or become |
modern → modernize, critic → criticise |
Noun / Adjective |
-ate |
To make or become |
active → activate |
Noun / Adjective |
-en |
To make or become |
strength → strengthen, soft => soften |
Noun / Adjective |
-ify / -fy |
To make or become |
simple → simplify |
Adjective / Noun |
4. Suffixes that form adverbs
Suffix |
Meaning |
Example (base → adverb) |
Base Word Type |
-ly |
In the manner of |
quick → quickly |
Adjective |
-ward / -wards |
Direction |
up → upward, back → backwards |
Noun / Adjective |
-wise |
In relation to, in the manner of |
clock → clockwise |
Noun |
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